SC/SC act a bane for the society

 

Caste system in India has been a controversial topic since 100 and 1000 of years of untouchability practice in India by higher caste people that led to the reasons of SC/ST suppression and under improvement. Due to this reason Baba Ambedkar bought Reservation and SC/ST act for the well being of Harijans in our country to bring them to the main stream of the country. But there are many misuse of  SC/ST laws to harass common people of upper caste like fake cases being registered for harassment under this act. To avoid this the judiciary has ordered the police to be vigilant while registering FIR and ask for certain evidences and properly investigate the matter before lodging FIR. Famous cases are the Land cases which comes under civil cases but they are fake fully lodged under SC/ST act then comes the harassment regarding the fake remarks made in private view but only applicable in a public view. And even if a police does not agree to lodge a fake FIR they are being harassed even if they have to do a departmental enquiry before arresting and lodging case against the police helping him/her in  protecting his/her reputation from being tarnished as a police officer. These harassments are done for extracting compensations from the Government. So there should be harshest punishment in case of fake case registration under SC/ST act to protect the common people of India. There should be preliminary enquiry before lodging FIR and anticipatory bail provisions for the accused in SC/ST act which was removed by the Central Government.

Woes of a Muslim Woman

 

A Muslim woman is having a lot of restrictions and woes since birth starting from their parental house to their matrimonial house. In most Muslim families they marry their first cousins and marry within relatives for which there are a lot of problem related to DNA pairing of nucleotide bases due to which their offspring suffers from different disabilities. The Muslim women have half rights as compared to their brothers over the properties of their parents. The Muslim women Intelligence is also half that of men according to their religion. The Women are forced to cover themselves, which they say create a type of deterrent effect on bad looks of men on them, it is defined as a Haya for them. The second woe starts when they are being married up at a age of 15 or even less than that when they hit the puberty basically. Their body is not ready for the pregnancy at that age and many child and mother Mortality occurs. Then comes to the Domestic violence called triple talak that is talak-e-biddat, it is the dissolution of marriage after pronouncing three times talak consecutively. Then comes to the social seclusion of women after dissolution of marriage from their matrimonial and parental house and if they wishes to come back to their former husband they have to undergo a practice of Halala which is very painful because of its nature of being controversial. Halala is a practice where the wife before marrying her former divorced husband will have to marry another partner that can be anyone like father in law, brother in law or Majid Imams also and after having physical relationship with the new partner they can marry their former divorced husband again. This practice brought a lot of money earning capacity for Halala Imams. Then comes the practice of polygamy where a Sunni Muslim men can marry upto 4 wives, this practice is a mental cruelty for her own wife. Then comes the number of children she could bear and bring up is limitless and it affects her health and the well being of the children in the form of education, health and goodness. They are treated as the children manufacturing machines to conceive more children and even in case of adultery the woman is punished and beaten to death in front of masses. Even they cannot move out of the house without a male member. After a certain age of 9 Muslim women cannot study or do job. I hope these things will change soon in the society.

Unnatural sex and Marital Rape a hoax for Married Woman

 

Women in India are subject to various atrocities related to Dowry, Domestic violence, Cruelty and Matrimonial Disputes etc. As a women marries off the liability of her father goes off and she is offered something called shared household in her matrimonial house of in-laws. Some families are very good for woman, but some families are hell for women. She cannot be a part as coparcener in the property as she is not a blood member of the family. She leaves her house and comes to live with her new family members. In this process there is a lot of atrocities like Marital Rape and Unnatural sex is inflicted on them. Both Marital Rape and Unnatural sex is legal for married partners and practiced by married men in India and it is not criminalized like Rape and Unnatural sex in IPC for Indian male. Unnatural sex are the oral and anal sex and Marital rape is the rape committed on the Women by their Husbands. The court decriminalized the Unnatural sex and Marital rape for married couples to evade from fake cases pertaining to harassment of men and due to the fact that these things are common in the conjugal rights of married couple. In this way any harm caused due to Rape and Unnatural sex by husband is avoided by the court. Recently a man inserted a pin inside the vagina of his wife during their sexual activity due to which his wife died. Court charged the man under murder not under the charges of Unnatural sex crime. So as the citizens we should think about the probable crimes in our country and make harshest punishments possible for married woman.

LGBTQ+ a unrecognized section in society

 

LGBTQ+ have been the most prosecuted and under recognized people in the society. They are mostly disliked by the society due to their sexual nature of attractiveness against the law of nature. Even Judiciary does not like these people but made Homosexuality legal in India except their marriage rights and their conjugal rights. Homosexual people can not marry because there is no clear distinction of genders between them. And the conjugal rights after marriage like the Dowry prevention act, Alimony, Maintenance can not be clearly stated due to ambiguity issues between two genders and laws against unnatural sex is also not applicable under BNS for LGBTQ communities. Even the false promise of marriage of BNS is not applicable for LGBTQ communities. Recently a transgender had lodged a FIR against a man for false promise of marriage and rape but due to her transgender identity she was not relieved by the court even if she had done sex reassignment surgery. So the laws in our society for LGBTQ protection should be done in order to help them live without fear and uplift them in society without any harassment and sexual abuse being done to them.

Madrasas killing Right to Education of Children

 

Madrasas have been a place for Education among Muslim children since centuries. But these are not the ultimate places for the Primary Education to be gained because there are 3 types of Madrasa in our country called, Recognized, Unrecognized and Unmapped Madrasas. Recognized Madrasas are the Madrasas that is recognized  by the Government of the state. Many madrasas does not provide basic education like science, and arts and another thing they does not contribute to the basic competition building, brain development and creative activities of children like dance, song, arts, drama and sporting competitions. They basically render religious studies and not Professional studies for Jobs or admission in colleges. Many children study in madrasa because of less fees than school or colleges but they lack quality education said by NCPCR. There are many madrasa where illegal activities occurs like counterfeit currency printing and weapon storage. Even many terrorist live in madrasas and many studies related to terrorist activities are taught to children these are mainly done in Unrecognized and Unmapped madrasas and even there are cases of sexual exploitation of children and child abuse by Imams in madrasas. So need of the hour is to provide quality education to children and boycott madrasa and increased government initiatives in providing free education to BPL category children in India as their right to education.

Tattoos and FIR are foes for Government Jobs

 

Tattoos and FIR are foes for Government jobs because they are not considered to be of good quality in a person who is applying for government job or appearing for government jobs. Many people thinks if they had tattoos and FIR against them they can not appear government jobs. A FIR that was not quashed and the offence if non bailable in nature or there is acquittal on the grounds of lack of evidences or witnesses can affect or even reject your candidature for appearing in Government exams basically it depends on the quality and quantity of the offense. Recently a UPSC aspirant hanged himself in the retrospection of getting his candidature rejected due to the Tattoos he had made on his body. After the immediate action of medical examination no government job can reject the candidate on the basis of tattoos and have to give some time to remove tattoos to candidates. The tattoos law in India speaks about if you have tattoos in the visible part of the body or your tattoos can be seen from any part of the body during medical examination or physical training then your candidature can be rejected so, if a person in anticipation to these cautions, removed the tattoos then the scar behind it, can not be a ground for the candidature rejection. Another thing is the character of the tattoos being made if the tattoos is of religious symbols or just a name or of tribal identity it will not pose any problem but if a tattoo is of vulgar nature it can cause your candidature for rejection. So if you are a government job aspirant so be cautious before applying for government jobs if in case you have tattoos and FIR lodged against you.

Mutual Funds Types and Risks

 

Mutual funds are very important in this world, as the generation of Genz is more into investment and Entrepreneurship. Investing in mutual funds is a very good option because there is less risk as your fund is managed by a fund manager and yield high returns than fixed deposits. There are two types of mutual funds one is Equity and another is Debt funds and there is yet another fund called Hybrid fund which is the mixture of both Equity and Debt instruments in a certain quantity. The main difference between Equity and Debt funds are equity is a more risky investment and yields good interest in long run which is market linked where as debt funds yield less risky returns and can give a fixed return which is backed by a certain group or an organization or government and has a maturity period. The sub divisions of Equity mutual funds are Large cap funds, Midcap funds and Small cap funds which are categorized according to their market capitalization. The companies who have 20,000 crore and above market cap are Large cap companies, the companies who have 5000-20,000 crore market cap are mid cap companies and the companies who have less than 5000 crore market cap are small cap companies. Before investing in mutual funds make sure to track AUM, Expense ratio, Exit Load, NAV, Benchmark returns, Category returns in 1,3,5 and 10 years, Sortino ratio, Alpha, Beta, Standard deviation, Portfolio overlapping, Rolling returns, CAGR and Portfolio Turnover ratio of the fund. The investment in mutual funds is done in two ways first is Lumpsum and another is through SIP. The investment through SIP is preferred because it manages the market corrections properly due to rupee cost averaging. Another thing is the holdings percentage should also be checked and the diversification of holdings industries in mutual fund is important, a single holding having more than 5% weightage in the mutual fund can be risky during market corrections. The risk level of these 3 funds are as follows Small cap> Mid cap> Large cap. Another sub division of mutual funds are on the basis of its characteristics of investment these are as follows:-

1. Dividend yield funds- These funds invest in stocks that yield a dividend and they predominantly invest 65% in equity. These funds are active funds and have high expense ratio. They are low risk funds. the capital gains tax is levied according to the income tax slab rate of a person.
2. Value funds- These funds invest in value strategy where they pick undervalued stocks that have the potential to rise in coming future and those funds having good ethics. These funds invest in equity for 65% allocation. These funds are active funds and have high portfolio turnover ratio. These funds have high expense ratio.
3. Contra funds- These funds invest in stocks that are not performing well in the market but have potential to perform. These funds invest 65% in equity. These are high risky funds. These are active funds. These funds have high portfolio turnover ratio. These funds have high expense ratio.
4. Opportunities funds- These funds are the funds that are performing best in the market due to good stocks. These funds are active funds and have high expense ratio. These funds may have high portfolio turnover ratio.
5. Growth funds- These funds are the funds that pick stocks that are growing in the highest growth rate in the market. These funds are active funds. These funds have high portfolio turnover ratio. These funds have high expense ratio.
6. Focused funds- These are the funds that focuses on a few stocks like 30 stocks performing good in the market. These are highly risky because they lack diversification. They spends 65% of their amounts in equity allocation. These funds are active funds. These funds have high portfolio turnover ratio and high expense ratio.
7. Index funds- These are the funds that track a certain Index like Nifty Fifty Index. These are passive funds and have low expense ratio. These are ETF funds.
8. Sectoral funds- These are the funds that invests in a certain sector of the industry like EV Industries. These funds invest 80% in equity. These are risky funds due to less diversification.
9. Thematic funds- These funds invests in certain part of the sector like the production of Lithium Ion batteries. These funds invest in 80% in equity. These are risky funds due to less diversification.
10. ELSS funds- These funds are called Equity Linked Savings Schemes. These funds invests in Equity and equity linked instruments. These funds have tax benefits under section 80c of income tax and a lock in period of 3 years. These are highly risky funds due to 90% equity allocation. 
11. Multicap funds- These funds invest 65% in equity. These funds invests in Large, Mid and Small cap companies. These funds are active funds having high expense ratio.
12. Blue chip funds - These funds invests in big multinational large cap companies. They are highly risky because of low diversification across markets. These funds are active funds. They offer capital gains tax exemptions on dividends from foreign companies.
13. Balanced Hybrid funds- These are the funds that invests 40%-60% of their assets in both equity and debt instruments, they adjusts the risk level properly.
14. Hedge funds- These are the funds that diversifies its investments across Equity, Debt and Gold products.
15. Aggressive Hybrid funds- These are the funds that invests 80% in equity and 20% in debt instruments. These are risky funds due to heavy allocation in equity.
16. Multi Asset Allocation funds- These funds invests in different asset categories. They also invests in foreign assets. 
17. Arbitrage funds- These funds invest in 65% in equity. These are the funds that can manage fund efficiently, they buy stock in cash market in lower price and sell in futures market in profit. These are active funds and have high Expense ratio.
18. Funds of Funds- These funds invest their assets in different funds units usually in those funds who are performing good.
19. Flexi cap funds- These funds invest in Large, Mid and Small caps according to the market risks and projected high returns. For example it may invest in equity when market is down and sell the equity stocks when market is in the peak for profits. It may buy debt instruments when market is highly volatile. These funds have higher allocation towards Large cap stocks in their portfolio. It has 80% portfolio overlap with Large cap funds.
20. Momentum fund- These are highly choosy funds that invests in stocks who shows active earrings and price movements. These funds invests in stocks that are high in market valuation. These funds follow a top up approach where they buy stocks in higher price and sell them in even higher price than the cost price of stocks. These are basically passive funds and copy a index and have a less expense ratio. These can be risky stock because of a lot of price volatility.

The tax benefits is as follows the long term capital gains tax is 12.5% and short term capital gains tax is 20% on returns more than 1.5 Lakhs.

Why are States failing in India

So, lets talk about why there is a lot of debts on governments of many states. Debts on governments of many states increases due to many reasons that I am going to discuss in this chapter. Freebies and Old Pension Scheme are the main reasons of this failures. Freebies are the free amenities that are provided to people like free food, free electricity, free education and free water facilities, these freebies cause a heavy burden on the pockets of the government. Old Pension scheme are the reasons where even though new pension scheme is introduced by Atal Bhari government still some of the states follow old Pension schemes, a big problem in old pension scheme is that there is no provision of fund system where there is contribution from both employer and employee. But in New Pension Scheme there is both contribution of 14% of basic salary from both employer and employee so total 28%. In this way new pension scheme eradicates burden from government as well as the new pension scheme also provides investment opportunities to the employees. There has been a freebie culture and old pension vibe in non BJP states to gain vote bank. So as citizens we should always look for the betterment of our country and avoid the freebie culture and adopt the NPS for all employees in all states for government to spend less on revenue expenditure and increase revenue through taxes for the betterment of the states to help sustain businesses and country in the form of subsidy, increase forex reserve and increase capital expenditure from the government side. 

 

New rape laws amended by West Bengal government(Anti-Rape Bill)also called Aparajitha Bill

Rapes have been a very common thing in India where it occurs due to lack of harsh punishment in our Indian Judiciary. The punishment of Rape is at least 10 years or life imprisonment and the punishment of Gang Rape is at least 20 years or life imprisonment but there is no death penalty for Rape in our country until unless the case is a severe case and it is a part of rare of the rarest case. The West Bengal government recently bought new laws regarding rape into the light of common citizens. Here the death penalty is recommended for Rape in this bill but the real problem is, it contradicts will the central law and BNSS. For example a new law to be implemented first of all it will go to Governor of that state and if he or she passes that law then that law will go to President of the country if he or she passes the bill then it will be a law and if he or she thinks it will be a contradicting laws against the central law he or she will reject the bill proposed even though it is passed by the governor as the criminal bills are under Concurrent List. So need of the hour is the harshest punishment to be possible against the rapes cases because there can not be any out of the court Settlement in rape cases because Rape is committed against the State and the Rape victims sometimes dies or if survives gets traumatized due to the act being inflicted on them and also the strict actions should be taken for Digital Rape in India. By doing such acts Mamata Banerjee actually trying to divert and cover up her own failure of running the country and her failed politics as it was also proved that the Principal doctor of RG Kar college was involved in it and he is the member of TMC party indirectly, the Principal doctor was involved in bribery from the students in exchange of good marks and he supports the TMC members children in his college even Mamata Didi provided him a private bodyguard this shows her acquaintance with the accused and also she is not appointing judges for fast track courts. There is a dire need for harshest punishment for both Rape and Marital Rape in our country.

 

Reservation killing India

Caste Census has been a disputed topic since the new order of Supreme court on Sub-Categorization of SC/ST act in Indian constitution was in air. The caste census can be a good move if government implemented it but due to vote bank politics it can be suppressed. Many people from SC/ST Protested against caste census and sub-categorization bill but it can be beneficial in many ways the steps are as follows. If caste census implemented the marginalized caste who did not get the benefits of reservation will get it and the uplifted caste will get less reservation or no reservation. Due to reservation government spends a lot of money for reserved seats and reserved jobs in Public sector undertaking. There is a lot of misappropriation in the reservation process in our country that anyone can take the advantage of, for example Pooja Khedkar the trainee IAS officer whose candidature was cancelled due to forgery made by her. In the light of the hour there should be only two reservation for economically backward persons and for Persons with disability apart from that there should not be any other reservation. In services like medical seats  reservation is perilous because it can cost the life of the patients and also can take many dreams of Meritious students away. Reservation kills the hope of students and employees in a professional setting where everyone is expected to be equally capable. At last I hope both our Judiciary and Administrative authority to take action regarding it and make justice as soon as possible and the concept of creamy and non-creamy layer should be implemented properly in our country.